Corals reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves gametogenesis; the generation of gametes, or sex cells. These cells, either sperm or ova, have a different genetic makeup compared to its parent. This is done by means of meiosis, which leads to genetic recombination.

Sexual reproduction is essential for life, as it creates genetic diversity and allows species to adapt to changes in the environment. Ex situ sexual reproduction of corals is still in its infancy, but it is making progress. Corals grown by this method are genetically unique; these specimens can be transplanted to coral reefs, counteracting their demise.

Read more about coral reproduction in this section.